For many years, two countries fought for control over North America. You know which two countries they were: France and Britain. By 1760 Britain had won control of New France (this is when the Quebec Act came into play to protect the rights, language and religion of the Canadiens who were living there).
Well in America most of the colonies belonged to Britain as well - and they wanted their independence. They had a very large civil war, called The American Revolution, that started in 1776. The war was between two sides: those who wanted to break free and be their own country, and those who wanted to stay loyal to Britain - the Loyalists! The British lost that war, and the Americans won their independence. So, those who wanted to remain loyal to Britain, the Loyalists, came up to Canada where it was still a British colony and Britain was in control.
The Loyalists weren't happy at first, they didn't like the Quebec Act (why should the French have rights?!), among other things. The British government wanted to keep everyone happy, so in 1791 it divided the colony into two parts: Upper Canada and Lower Canada. This way, each group could keep its religion, language and traditions, and way of life.
Joseph Brant Not all of the Loyalists were British - case and point, Joseph Brant. He was a Mohawk war chief from an area near where Ohio is today in the United States.
During the American civil war for independence Joseph Brant wanted to fight with the British against the Yankees. He was worried that if the Yankees won the war they would take more of his people's land. When he initially approached the British troops they said no thank you - so he actually sailed all the way to Britain and talked to the King. The King accepted Joseph's offer for help, and he sailed back to fight alongside the British in the war for independence.
He was brave and courageous, he united many First Nations people from his tribe along with the British Soldiers to try and help them win. In the end, Britain lost, and Joseph was right - the Americans did take the First Nations people's land where Joseph was from. To thank him and repay his people for their losses, the British king and current leaders in the the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands area set aside some land for Joseph Brant and his people in Canada. He led 2000 Mohawk people on foot up to their new home.